Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis, also known as artificial kidney or dialysis, is a blood purification technology. It utilizes the principle of a semipermeable membrane to remove various harmful and excess metabolic wastes and excess electrolytes from the body through diffusion, thereby purifying the blood and correcting water, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances. [1] The semipermeable membrane used in hemodialysis is 10-20 micrometers thick, with an average pore size of 3 nanometers. Therefore, it only allows small molecules with a molecular weight of less than 15,000 and some medium-sized molecules to pass through, while large molecules with a molecular weight greater than 35,000 cannot pass through. Therefore, proteins, pyrogens, viruses, bacteria, and blood cells cannot pass through. Urine is mostly water, and to replace the kidney with an artificial kidney, a large amount of water must be excreted from the blood. The artificial kidney can only use osmotic pressure and ultrafiltration pressure to remove excess water. The artificial kidneys used, i.e., hemodialysis devices, all have these functions, thereby regulating the quality and quantity of blood to make it closer to the physiological state.
Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane. Gravity forces the prepared dialysate into the patient's peritoneal cavity through a catheter. This creates a concentration gradient of solutes across the peritoneum, causing solutes with higher concentrations to move to lower concentrations (diffusion); water moves from the hypotonic side to the hypertonic side (osmosis). By continuously replacing the peritoneal dialysate, metabolic waste products, toxins, and electrolyte imbalances are removed.
Colonal Dialysis
Colonal dialysis involves injecting filtered water into the colon for cleansing and toxin removal, maximizing the contact area between the colonic mucosa and medication. A special medication solution is then injected, allowing it to adsorb various toxins through the colonic mucosa and expel them promptly. Finally, a special traditional Chinese medicine preparation is infused and retained, where the colonic mucosa absorbs the active ingredients, providing therapeutic benefits to the kidneys and reducing uremic toxins such as creatinine, urea nitrogen, and uric acid.